The process of teaching in a comprehensive school is a purposeful interaction between teacher and student, which constantly changes, during which the tasks of education, upbringing and general development of students are solved (by Yu. Babansky). The use of specialized information technology affects the process of perception of the learning material and, ultimately, affects the effectiveness of the educational process.

Information technology is a process that uses a set of means and methods of collecting, processing, storing and transmitting data to obtain new quality information about the state of an object, process or phenomenon (according to N. Makarova). The evolution of information technologies used by humans leads to changes in the content of the educational process.

Let's consider in more detail the stages of information technology development:

Manual stage - started with the invention of writing.

Forms of data recording inherent in this stage: rock drawings, hieroglyphics on clay tablets, symbols of the alphabet on parchment or paper.

Used tools: stylish (metal wand), brush, quill. Existing ways of recording data are to record it manually.

Mechanical stage - started with the invention of printing.

Forms of data recording inherent in this phase: start printing on sheets with subsequent stitching.

As the main tool used a printing press.

A way to record data is to print characters on a media using a typewriter.

Electrical Stage - Started with the invention of the telegraph, telephone and radio.

Forms of data recording inherent in this step: data input to the receiving device, conversion to a signal, signal transmission at a distance, recovery of the message signal in the receiver.

Tools: Telegraph, telephone, radio, radio transmitter.

Data recording method: fixation of the recorders of the receiver.

Computer Stage - Started with the invention of the electronic computer.

Forms of data recording: magnetic recording on disk or tape, laser recording on CD.

Tools: Computer and related software.

Data recording method: magnetic or laser recording.

Nowadays, the educational process in a comprehensive school is characterized by the use of computer-grade information technologies.

There are a number of features that must be considered when using modern information technology in the educational process of a comprehensive school. They primarily address the issues of organization and control of mental processes: perception, attention, memory, etc. Most of them are grouped around the main channels of information perception (visual, audio and kinetic).

Audio channel. These are the basic types of human-perceived sounds: language, music, ordered periodic and one-off sounds, characteristic and erratic noises. The most important role among these types of sounds is the language, which should occupy the most important place in the organization of the use of information technology in the educational process.

Natural and artificial noise occupy second place in human life. Studies have shown that a person devoid of noise becomes less active and experiencing psychological discomfort. Therefore, noise must also take its place in the learning process.

Music has traditionally played a prominent role in human life. Studies in schools have shown that with a constant musical background, students' performance increases by an average of about 20%.

There are four main groups of preferences in preference: those who love marches; those who prefer waltzes; who want to listen to tango and fans of fast neck tunes.

These benefits are associated with dominant brain rhythms. Therefore, at least four tunes of different types should be foreseen in the educational process. Ordinary periodic and one-off signals, such as phone calls, alarm sounds, beeping sounds, encouraging or pleasantly unpleasant sounds, of course, play a distracting, mobilizing, informative and rarely neutral role. Purposeful and systematic use of such signals can be a useful complement in a student's sound system.

Kinetic channel.

Modern information technologies used in the educational process now allow the use of the aesthetic aesthetic channel only in a limited framework. However, there are several areas where using this channel is not limited to computer keyboard interaction:

the use of a microphone when learning languages, etc .;

the use of graphic tablets or keyboards in humanitarian subjects;

the use of LEGO kits in technology, as well as in physics, chemistry, biology, etc .;

the use of measuring laboratories for computer-aided research in physics, chemistry, biology, etc.

The following examples are typical of the fact that they use computer technology in physical, not just organizational, communication with other external devices. With these external devices, the student not only performs the actions of the hands, but also controls them with the help of com

of Peter.

The visual channel. The visual perception of objects by a person has several features. Yes, the initial examination of the object is performed by multiple eye movements. After the object has been investigated, attention to it diminishes. In the future, the person responds only to changes occurring with the object or object. At the same time, moving objects have a stronger response in humans than in motionless ones. Objects that are approaching or moving away have a stronger reaction than just moving objects.

Therefore, when designing lessons, you should give priority to those methods of learning that use moving objects, and first of all, objects that are approaching or distant, then objects that pass by the eye and, finally, objects that change over time.

Next we look at the basic educational information technologies and technical tools used in the educational process of the secondary school.

Educational information technologies based on modern technical means

Technical training means a set of technical devices with didactic support that are used in the educational process to present and process information to optimize it.

A computer is a programmable electronic device capable of processing data and performing mathematical calculations. The computer has greatly expanded the ability to provide educational information. The ability to use multimedia formats (computer graphics, sound combined with modern video technology), allows you to simulate different situations and environments, taking the classes to a higher level.

The use of additional technical tools, such as a multimedia projector and interactive whiteboard, can further enhance the learning of learners by visualizing them.

Here are some basic ways to use your computer in the learning process:

working with training programs;

performing mathematical calculations;

information search;

modeling of different processes and more.

Multimedia projector (video projector) is a technical tool designed to project different images onto a large screen from a video source.

Multimedia projector allows you to:

Use any computer application

use training videos in the classroom;

deliver a presentation to the audience

use the materials of the Internet, etc.

The use of the projector in educational activities allows to increase the level of clarity of the educational process.

Graphic Projector is a technical tool for projecting on-screen images of standard A4 format files (codograms). The projector can also be used to demonstrate other transparent objects (flasks, test tubes, etc.), dynamic illustrations of wave and optical phenomena, chemical reactions, etc.

A slide projector is a technical tool designed to design static information with accurate color rendering of the media (slide) and automatic adjustment of the focus of the image sharpness.

Like a multimedia projector, a graph projector and a slide projector allow you to increase the clarity of the material being taught.

An interactive whiteboard is a touch screen attached to a computer, from which an image is transferred to the whiteboard through a multimedia projector.

The interactive whiteboard requires special software installed on your computer. Only in this case the touch screen will respond to the user's actions. Special markers are assigned to the board. When you touch the board, the signal is transmitted to your computer and the software takes the necessary action. You can write directly on the screen. Interactive whiteboards come in both forward and reverse projections. In direct projection, the projector is mounted in front of the board on a stand or ceiling. When projecting backwards, the projector is mounted on the board.

In the learning process, it is also possible to use audio players, video players, DVD players, etc.

Educational information technologies based on modern Internet technologies

Electronic libraries. One of the important tasks of modern education is to organize access to electronic information resources. One of the most effective ways to solve this problem is to create electronic libraries.

Electronic libraries are distributed cataloged information systems that allow you to store, process, distribute, analyze, and search various electronic document collections through global data networks. Electronic libraries are a new step in the development of conventional (traditional) libraries.

Electronic libraries have several advantages over traditional counterparts (by K. Vygursky):

by the nature of the problem being solved. Electronic libraries are focused on analyzing, searching for data, as well as structuring, classifying and organizing information. Traditional libraries - only for systematization according to certain rules;

by organizational structure. An online library is an online resource that can

to include resources belonging to more than one organization, but to different organizations or even individuals;

technological principles for the formation of library foundation resources and customer service.

The main purpose of electronic libraries today is:

make information more accessible;

to promote the preservation of scientific and cultural heritage;

increase the efficiency of work and training.

The main tasks of e-libraries are to integrate and effectively navigate information resources Thanks to the widespread access to the Internet, e-libraries are accessible to virtually everyone.

There are basically two types of libraries on the Internet: non-specialized libraries and specialized libraries containing only thematic literature.

Thanks to electronic libraries, the student has the opportunity to gain new knowledge without leaving home.

Webinars. Distance education is becoming more and more important for the residents of our country. Using modern information and communication technologies, people can study or participate in conferences from the comfort of their home. This is possible through webinar technology.

Webinars are seminars or conferences that are conducted remotely (via the Internet) using the appropriate technical means. Webinars require headphones, a microphone and a webcam, as well as webinar software.

Here are the main features that webinars provide to users:

slide presentations;

Real-time video (usually via webcam)

Real-time audio communication with headphones and microphone

recording for further viewing and listening;

text chat for Q&A sessions in real time;

polls and polls;

remote desktop and application sharing.

Advantages of using webinars:

independence of pupils from the territorial distance of the place of study;

reduction of financial expenses for rent of premises, coffee breaks, printing of materials;

all webinars are recorded on electronic media, allowing you to reuse the course materials.

The main drawback of webinars is the limitation of feedback for participants. Currently, active research is underway to address this issue.

Systems of electronic diaries and journals

The system of electronic diaries and journals is the only information environment for effective interaction between teachers, students and parents.

The introduction of electronic journals and diaries in Russian schools is conditioned by the rapid development of information technology. Since the 2011/12 academic year, the system of electronic diaries and journals is obliged to use all Russian schools without exception. There is currently a wide variety of information systems available to achieve this. The choice of a particular information system remains with the school itself.

Here are the main services provided by the systems:

an electronic diary that allows students and their parents to quickly receive information on grades, homework, etc .;

an electronic journal that allows you to quickly monitor the implementation of educational and pedagogical workload, analyze the success and attendance of the institution by students;

an electronic schedule that is automatically integrated into your diary and journal;

individual and consolidated reporting on items;

communication of users in the information space;

information on events, schedule changes, homework, and more.

The current electronic logbooks and diary information systems are divided into paid and freeware, either on the school server or on the remote server of the manufacturer's company.

Unfortunately, electronic journals and journals are the most difficult task for teachers who do not always have sufficient competencies in information technology. Among other things, filling in electronic documentation does not abolish paper diaries and journals.

Thus, the effectiveness of using information technology largely depends on the method of application and accounting for the physiological features of the student. The modern teacher should take into account the development of information technologies and be ready to use them in their practical activities.